Energy-balanced on demand clustering improved leach protocol for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), appropriate topology control (TC) could efficiently balance the load among sensor nodes and extend network lifespan. Clustering is an effective topology control technique that could reduce energy consumption and provide scalability to WSNs. However, some clustering algorithms, including the traditional low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), don't consider the residual energy and the communication distance. The energy consumption could dramatically increase in the case of long communication distance and high rate of control message exchange. In this paper we propose an energy-balanced clustering algorithm which considers the communication distance and the residual energy. Moreover the cluster head (CH) reselection is relevant to the current CH residual energy in order to reduce overheads. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm prolongs the lifetime of the WSN in comparison to the LEACH and a hybrid clustering approach (HCA).