[1] said, Edward W The Mind of Winters: Reflections on life in Exile. Harper September 1984, pp.55
[2] Asheroft, Bill, Gareth Griifiths and Helen Tiifin. The Empire writes Back, 2nd ed. New York: Rontledge, 2002.
[3] F. Wciss,Timothy. On the Margins: The Art of Exile in V. S. Naipanl. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1992, pp.195
[4] Naipanl, V. S. "Our Civilization", The 1990 Wriston Lectn re at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Rescarch,New York City, October 30, 1990
[5] Macanlay, Thomas. "Minute on Indian Education”Ed. Bill Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin, pp.428-430. The Post- colonial Studies Reader. New York: Rontledge, 1995. 428-430
[7][10][11][19][20] Naipanl, V. S.Thc Enigma of Arrival.London:Pcngnin Books,1987, pp.52,64,130, 134, 220, 83, 87
[7] Hardwick, Elizabeth. Meeting V. S. Naipanl. New York: New York Review of Books. May, 13 1987 Bewer, Bruce. "Civilization and Naipanl". Hudson Review, Antnmn 2000.
[8] Atlas, James. "V. S. vs the Rest: The Ficrec and Enigmatic V. S. Naipanl Grants a Rare Interview in London". Vanity Fair, March 1987, pp.66, pp.68
[9] Naipanl, V. s.. Reading and Writing: A Personal Account. New York: New York Review of Books, 2000.
[10] F.Wciss,Timothy.On the Margins: The Art of Exile in V. S. Naipaul. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1992, pp.209-210
[11] F.Wciss,Timothy.On the Margins: The Art of Exile in V. S. Naipaul. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1992, ppZ10.
[12] Bewer, Bruce. "Civilization and Naipanl". Hudson Review, Antnmn 2000
[13] Naipanl,V. S."Our Civilization", The 1990 Wriston Lectn re at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Rescarch,New York City, October 30, 1990
[14] 爱德华·W·赛义德,单德兴译知识分子论:1993年瑞斯讲座北京:三联书店,2002年4月,第58页
[15] Asheroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back, 2nd ed. New York: Rontledge, 2002.
[16] Asheroft, Bill, Gareth Griifiths and Helen Tiifin.The Empire writes Back, 2nd ed. New York: Rontled;,c, 2002,pp9
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