铸造牺牲的民俗解析
Folk-Custom Interpretation of Foundry Sacrifice
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摘要:在我国,广泛存在着“铸钟娘娘”等为代表的“铸造牺牲”传说和记载。文章对“铸造牺牲”故事的研究表明,其渊源于古代造物中的血祭礼仪,是造物牺牲行为的一部分。它的发展深受阴阳五行观念的深刻影响。历代的演变中,“铸造牺牲”故事随着时代要求被不断改造,不断被添加新的内容,赋予新的含义。从甲骨文中的血祭的记载到“铸钟”故事的变化中,祭祀祈神的目的被工艺要求遮掩了。在明代的记载中,这种牺牲又被赋予实践“孝道”的意义,这一切使“铸造牺牲”的本来面目模糊了。Abstract:In our country, there exist lots of tales and records about foundry sacrifice with the story of Bell Lady as representative.The research towards stories about foundry sacrifice shows that, they originated from the blood sacrifice etiquette in ancient demiurges and is part of demiurgic sacrifice act. Its development has been deeply influenced by the concept of Yin Yang and Five Elements. During the transformation generation after generation, the story of foundry sacrifice is constantly modified with time's requirements, constantly added with new contents and given new connotations. From the record about blood sacrifice in oracle to the changes of the Bell Lady story, the purpose of fetes and sacrifices is covered by art requests. In the records of Ming Dynasty, this kind of sacrifice is given the meaning of practicing filial morality. All this made the real face of foundry sacrifice become vague.
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