国际航空罪行管辖权的冲突及其变革——兼评《东京公约》管辖权条款的修订
Jurisdiction Conflicts of International Aviation Crimes and Reform——Analysis of the Amendment of the Jurisdiction Article of Tokyo Convention
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摘要:《东京公约》确立了国际航空罪行管辖的航空器登记国管辖原则以及并行管辖体制,这一制度直接肯定了对国际航空罪行行使管辖权的域外效力,并且避免了由于缺乏双边引渡条约而导致的引渡难题,但它也存在一定的缺陷,尤其是管辖权的消极冲突。在应对公约管辖权缺陷方面,主要国家提出了各自的主张,这些主张存在一定的分歧。国际民航组织结合国际社会的实践以及各个国家的主张对《东京公约》中的有关罪行的管辖权进行了修订,在原有体制的基础上对管辖权作出了相应的变革,这对未来应对航空领域的有关罪行具有积极意义。对此,我国应对公约的相关修订进行立法转化,以切实履行国际义务,从而有效地维护国际航空的安全和秩序。Abstract:The Tokyo Convention establishes the principle of state of registration jurisdiction and the parallel jurisdiction system concerning international aviation crimes, and this system directly affirms the extraterritoriality of the international aviation crime jurisdiction, and avoids the difficulty due to the lack of bilateral extradition treaty, but there are some defects in it, especially the negative conflict of jurisdiction. In response to this problem, major countries concerned have raised their respective claims, and there are certain divergences between them. Combined with the practice of international community and the claims of different countries, the International Civil Aviation Organization suggests revision of the jurisdiction of related crimes in the Tokyo Convention, which has made corresponding reform to the jurisdiction on the basis of the original system, and contributes a lot to deal with the related crimes in the field of aviation. In this regard, China should transform the binding articles of the revised convention and fulfill its international obligations, so as to effectively maintain the security and order of international aviation.
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