论媒介技术与人的环境建构——对莱文森媒介技术哲学的推进
On the Ecology Construction of Media Technology and Human——To Advance Levinson’s Philosophy of Media Technology
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摘要:传统媒介环境学认为媒介技术建构人的认知环境。莱文森一方面改造媒介决定论,维护媒介环境的基本观点,另一方面指出人建构媒介技术的演化环境,两种建构作用同时存在。莱文森的人与媒介互相建构的条件有所不足,且没有指出互相建构的机制。“人性化趋势”的人建构媒介的条件不只是符合个体的生物本能,而且符合群体的共性和对利益最大化的追求;另外,人建构媒介的条件还包括“综合准则”。媒介建构人的条件除了媒介特性起作用外,还包括合适的材料与支撑技术。人与媒介互相建构的机制是:媒介控制与认知调控形成控制增则调控增、调控增则控制减、控制减则调控减、调控减则控制增的自调控循环。Abstract:Traditional media ecology argues that media technology constructs cognitive environment. On one hand, Levinson has transformed media determinism to maintain the basic viewpoints of media ecology. On the other hand, he has pointed out that human beings construct media evolution environment. The two constructions exist simultaneously. However, the conditions of this mutual construction between human and media were insufficient, and it was short of a construction mechanism. "Anthropocentric" construction of media condition not only meets individual's biological instinct, but also satisfies collective needs and the maximization of group interests. Further, the other requirement was "comprehensive principle". The requirements of media constructing humans include media characteristics, materials, and supporting technology. Humans and media technology are shaping each other's ecology with feedbacks. Media development and cognitive regulation have formed a self-control construction cycle.
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