The Intellectual Property Issues in Open Source Hardware Licensing Agreement—From the View of Three-Dimensional Printing
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摘要:相对于较为成熟的开放源代码软件运动,开放源代码硬件仍然处于起步阶段。造成这种困境的原因主要是经济成本的阻碍和许可协议的缺失。3D打印技术的发展,为开源硬件运动的发展克服了技术和经济门槛,同时为依据知识产权法律制定许可协议提供了工艺基础。在3D打印环境下,根据专利权或者合同约束制定开源硬件许可协议存在缺陷,而以著作权为基础构建许可协议是可行的。许可协议应当包括授权性条款、义务性条款和免责性条款。著作权制度有必要以此为契机,在应对反向工程、拓展产品设计图复制权保护范围,以及构建新型邻接权等方面做出完善。通过许可协议的合理制定,可以推动3D打印开放源代码硬件运动的发展。Abstract:Comparing to the open software movement, which is more mature, the open source hardware movement remains in its infancy. The main causes of this dilemma are the high economic costs and the lack of licensing agreement. With the development of three-dimensional printing, it offers the opportunity to overcome the economic and technical obstacles, and can provide firm procedure ground for the licensing agreement to be concluded under intellectual property law. In the environment of 3D printing, making open source hardware licensing agreement under patent right or contract binding has shortcomings. Therefore, it's enforceable to construct an open hardware license for three-dimensional under copyright law. The license agreement should include authorization provisions, duty provisions and disclaimer of warranty. The copyright law should take this opportunity to make progress in the fields of dealing with reverse engineering, extend the protection of right of reproduction of product design, and construct new kind of neighborhood right. Along with the proposing of reasonable license agreement, it may promote the development of open hardware for three-dimensional printing.
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