The Criminal Foundation of the Speedy Trial Procedure for Criminal Cases
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摘要:中国近年的刑事诉讼改革顺应国际社会刑事诉讼改革的简易化趋势，在普通程序、简易程序的基础上新增了刑事案件速裁程序，这是刑罚宽缓化发展的必然产物，也有利于提高司法效率。刑法在实体上将犯罪划分为不同的层次，刑事诉讼法就相应地对其适用繁简程度不同的诉讼程序。普通程序追求权利保障，速决程序讲求司法效率，围绕着不同的价值圆心，刑事诉讼在公正的基础上追求效率和简易，将刑事案件根据犯罪性质与量刑轻重分别归入不同的程序入口。轻罪与重罪的明确划分，体现了简易程序与普通程序的分流；轻罪与轻微犯罪的明确划分，体现了简易程序与速裁程序的分流。在简易程序与速裁程序同时适用的轻微犯罪中，速裁程序应优先适用；在综合全案情况不宜采用速裁程序时，再考虑变更适用相对较重的简易程序，这就确立了速裁程序与简易程序的正确顺位关系。Abstract:China's recent criminal procedure reforms have followed the summarizing trial trend developed in the international criminal procedure reforms,adding a speedy trial procedure for criminal cases in addition to the common trial procedure and summary trial procedure. This is the inevitable product of the mitigation development of punishment,and is also beneficial to improve judicial efficiency. The common trial procedure pursues the right guarantee; the summary trial procedure pursues the judicial efficiency. Focusing different value cores,the criminal trial procedure pursues efficiency and summary on the basis of fairness,and divides criminal cases into different exits based on the crime character and sentencing weight. In substantiation,the criminal law divides the crime into different levels; accordingly,the criminal procedure law regulates different trial procedures for each level of crimes. The clear separation of misdemeanor and felony demonstrates the division of summary trial procedure and common trial procedure; the clear separation of misdemeanor and minor crimes demonstrates the division of summary trial procedure and speedy trial procedure. For minor crimes which summary trial procedure and speedy trial procedure are all applicable,the speedy trial procedure shall receive priority application. If the speedy trial procedure is not convenient to apply after considering the whole circumstances,the relatively heavy summary trial procedure shall be applied instead. This will establish the correct sequence of the speedy trial procedure and the summary trial procedure.
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