The Spatial and Temporal Differences of Carbon Emissions in Regional Tourism—A Case Study of Shandong Province
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摘要:碳排放问题是区域旅游业发展不可忽视的环境问题之一。根据相关统计数据，按照"自下而上"分析法对2000-2015年山东省旅游业碳排放进行定量估算，并采用系统聚类法将山东省旅游业碳排放划分为高、中、低三类碳排放区域，具体剖析山东省旅游业碳排放的区域差异。结果表明：（1）碳排放总量、游客人均碳排放量和碳排放强度是衡量区域旅游业碳排放的重要指标。2000-2015年山东省旅游业碳排放总量持续增长，而游客人均碳排放量和旅游业碳排放强度则逐年下降，旅游业节能减排取得一定成效。（2）区域旅游业三大部门碳排放存在明显差异，旅游交通是区域旅游业碳排放的主要来源，旅游活动碳排放增长速度最快，而旅游住宿碳排放波动性较大。2000-2015年山东省旅游业累积碳排放总量为4 764.05万吨，其中，旅游交通、旅游住宿、旅游活动三大部门占比分别为66.52%、25.80%、7.68%。（3）区域旅游业碳排放水平空间差异显著。从空间分布上看，山东省旅游业碳排放总体上呈现东高西低、北高南低的特征，旅游业碳排放总量呈现出东部沿海 > 鲁中地区 > 鲁西地区，游客人均碳排放量和旅游业碳排放强度则是东部沿海 > 鲁西地区 > 鲁中地区；从碳排放指标上看，山东省大多数地市位于中高旅游业碳排放的行列，东部沿海是旅游业碳排放的主要来源区。Abstract:The issue of carbon emissions is one of the environmental issues that cannot be ignored in the development of regional tourism. According to relevant statistical data, the "bottom-up" method was used to quantitatively estimate carbon emissions of tourism in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2015, and three indicators-total carbon emissions, per-capita carbon emissions from tourists, and carbon emission intensity-were selected to do category analysis. This paper divided carbon emissions from tourism in Shandong Province into high, medium and low carbon emission regions, and specifically analyzed regional differences of carbon emissions from tourism in Shandong Province. The results showed that:(1)Carbon emissions, tourist carbon emissions per capita, and carbon intensity were important indicators for measuring regional carbon emissions. Carbon emissions from tourism in Shandong Province continued to increase from 2000 to 2015, while the per capita carbon emissions and the tourism carbon emissions intensity were decreasing year by year. The tourism energy conservation and emission reduction achieved certain results.(2)There was a big difference in carbon emissions among the three major regions in the tourism industry. Tourism transport was the main source of carbon emissions from regional tourism. Carbon emissions from tourism activities had the fastest growth rate, while carbon emissions from tourism accommodations were more volatile. From 2000 to 2015, the total accumulated carbon emissions of tourism in Shandong Province were 4 764.05 million tons, of which the proportions of carbon emissions from the three sectors of tourism transportation, tourism accommodation, and tourism activities were 66.52%,25.80%, and 7.68%, respectively.(3)There was a significant spatial difference in regional carbon emissions. In terms of spatial distribution, the carbon emissions of tourism in Shandong Province were generally high in the east, low in the west, high in the north, and low in the south. The total amount of carbon emissions from tourism in the eastern coast exceeded that of the central region which exceeded that of the western region, and the per-capita carbon emissions from tourists and the carbon emission intensity of the eastern coast were more than those in the western region which exceeded those of the central region. From the perspective of carbon emission indicators, the carbon emissions from tourism in most cities in Shandong Province are at medium to high levels, and the eastern coast is the main source of tourism carbon emissions.
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Key words:
- tourism/
- carbon emissions/
- temporal and spatial difference
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