Research on “Notification and Removal” Rule in Electronic Commerce Law
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摘要:源于美国版权法的“通知与移除”规则是网络服务提供者的责任排除规则，具有免责功能、确定性功能和激励性功能。“通知与移除”规则适用于版权领域的重要理由在于网络服务提供者对网络内容控制性较强，在其能力范围内具有初步核实的能力。不同类型知识产权的权利内容不同、保护范围差异大、侵权判断复杂程度不同，电子商务法将“通知与移除”规则扩展适用于商标、专利等互联网侵权领域，赋予了电商平台与其能力不相匹配的义务。移除措施引发了电商平台不合理的审查义务，不加区分统一适用导致利益失衡。电子商务法将“通知与移除”规则作为归责要件，偏离了规则的预设功能。因此，应根据不同类型知识产权的特性、电商平台的角色定位及自身能力、技术可行性、电商产业发展的特点构建相应的制度。对于网络环境下的著作权侵权、假冒商标和假冒专利的投诉，平台可以采取“通知与移除—反通知与恢复”处理模式；对于发明专利、疑难复杂的实用新型和外观设计专利侵权、混淆性商标侵权投诉，平台可以采取“通知—转通知—反通知—依申请介入处理”的处理模式。同时明确通知与反通知的形式和内容，明晰必要措施的认定标准，增加“冻结网页”这一必要措施，规定虚假陈述赔偿责任制度，进而实现该规则设立的目的和功能。Abstract:The "notification and removal" rule derived from the US copyright law is the exclusionary rule of network service providers. It has the functions of exemption, certainty and encouragement. The important reason for the application of the "notification and removal" rule to the copyright area is that network service providers have strong control over network content and have the authority of preliminary verification within their capabilities. Different types of intellectual property rights have different rights, different protection scopes, and different levels of infringement judgment. The e-commerce law extends the "notification and removal" rule to the Internet infringement areas such as trademarks and patents, and gives the e-commerce platform obligations not matching its capabilities. Removal measures impose unreasonable review obligations on e-commerce platforms. Unified application without distinction leads to the imbalance of interests. If the rule of "notification and removal" is regarded as an element of liability, it deviates from the presupposition function of the rule. Therefore, we should establish a corresponding system according to the characteristics of different types of intellectual property rights, the role positioning of electronic business platform, its own capabilities, technological feasibility and the development characteristics of the electricity supplier industry. For complaints about the infringement of copyright, trademark counterfeiting and patent counterfeiting under the network environment, the platform can take notification and removal-counter notification and recovery processing mode; for complicated complaints concerning invention patent, utility model patent and design patent infringement, confusion of trademark infringement, the platform can take the processing mode of "notification-notification forwarding-anti notification-application intervention treatment". At the same time, we should clarify the form and content of notification and counter notification, clarify the standard of necessary measures, increase the necessary measures of "freezing webpage", stipulate the liability system of compensation for misrepresentation, and further achieve the purpose and function of establishing the rule.
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