Institutional Logic of Administrative Supervision of Encrypted Digital Currency
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摘要:运行在区块链上的加密数字货币因技术特性而与社会经济产生了多样性的互动，作为交易对象和支付手段的价值受到技术的影响，其技术安全性与系统稳定性问题有待监管的介入与规则的保障。加密数字货币的监管目的并非对技术和经济职能维护，保障其作为货币的区块链共识结果，而是应当以监管评估其作为公共产品的社会共识，并经过一致性同意，且必须作为宏观政策工具的一环，服务于货币对经济实体行为的刺激与法定义务的分配，央行对待加密数字货币的态度也取决于央行调控货币政策工具的有效性。基于技术、经济和政治职能的认知，各国对待加密数字货币采取了不同的监管模式，但也反映出部分相同的监管趋势。加密数字货币的监管，通过双联模式的技术应用，行政权力行使中的价值强化，合作模式中的行政责任承担走向合作治理的路径，进而践行对象包容、手段多元、主体和责任排他性设计的监管制度逻辑。Abstract:Encrypted digital currency, which runs on the blockchain, has a variety of interactions with social economy because of its technical characteristics, and the value of the transaction object and means of payment is affected by technology. The technical security and stability of the system need to be regulated and protected by rules. However, the purpose of the regulation of digital currency is not to maintain the technical and economic functions.As a result of the common understanding of blockchain as a currency, it should assess its social consensus as a public product by supervision, and concurrently agree that it must serve as a link of macroeconomic policy tools to serve the allocation of monetary incentives to economic entities and statutory obligations.The attitude of the central bank to the encryption of digital currency also depends on the effectiveness of the central bank's regulation and control of monetary policy tools. Based on the cognition of technology, economy and political functions, various countries adopt different regulatory models for encrypted digital currency, but they also embody a similar regulation trend.In the cooperation mode, the administrative responsibility assumes the path of cooperative governance, and then carries out the logic of supervision system, which includes object inclusiveness, multiple means, and the exclusiveness of the capacity and responsibility.
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