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20世纪80年代,国内新闻理论学者将诞生于美国纸媒业的“新闻专业主义”术语引入,随即引发了学界的关注与讨论,包括新闻专业主义在西方语境下的定义、起源及学科的理论支撑、媒介实践的政治与社会环境及中观、微观层面的具体理念以及新闻专业主义理念中国化界定等。诞生于纸媒时代的“新闻专业主义”在互联网自媒体空间是否还具有生命力,自媒体时代的“新闻专业主义”面临传播环境显著改变会以何种可能的形态延续?
“Liquid” Journalist: A Revision of Native Journalistic Professionalism
——Based on News Practice of We Media
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摘要:“新闻专业主义”一词于20世纪80年代被引入中国,并在中国学术界引起热议。中国传统传媒语境下的“新闻专业主义”是一套将媒介视为精英式的、垄断的技术,进而构建新闻业专业壁垒的实践性新闻话语体系。在自媒体时代,这一套垄断性话语体系受到了挑战。基于自媒体话语空间实践,将媒介视为一套拥有自身运行方式的逻辑,在中国不断媒介化的社会环境中,面对自媒体结构性“下沉”而重构的新闻业,新闻专业主义已不再是仅属于专业媒体人的规训,因突破了原生新闻专业主义的壁垒,而成为自由表达和公共参与的社会文化,进而成为监督社会的新形态,然而非理性的情绪表达成为新型新闻专业主义的杂质。因此,媒介融合的理念成为政府社会治理的手段和方法,并借此对社会的舆论形成监督和引导。自媒体所创造的新闻生产关系修正了原有新闻专业主义的理念。Abstract:The term “journalistic professionalism” was introduced into China in the 1980s and aroused a heated discussion in Chin’s academic circle. In the context of traditional Chinese media, “journalistic professionalism” is a set of practical news discourses that treat the media as an elitist and monopolistic technology and then construct the professional barriers of journalism. However, in the era of “We Media”, this set of monopolistic discourse system is challenged. In this paper, based on the practice of media discourse space, medium is regarded as a set that has its own logic of operation mode. In the constantly mediated social environment in China, in the face of the reconstruction of journalism due to the “sinking” of the “We Media” structure, journalistic professionalism no longer belongs only to the discipline of professional media. It has broken through the barriers in the old journalistic professionalism, so it becomes a social culture of free expression and public participation, and then a new form of social supervision. However, irrational emotional expression becomes the impurity of the new journalistic professionalism. Therefore, the idea of media convergence has become the means and method of social governance of the government, and the formation and guidance of public opinion. The news production relations created by We Media have revised the original concept of journalistic professionalism.
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Key words:
- journalistic professionalism/
- We Media/
- mediatization/
- liquid journalist
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